| Abstrak/Abstract |
This study examines the effectiveness of Indonesia’s Graduation Approach in poverty alleviation through the Pahlawan Ekonomi Nusantara (PENA) Program. Using a qualitative approach, the research analyzes program implementation, beneficiary outcomes, and institutional collaboration in supporting economic independence among social assistance recipients. The findings show that PENA shifts social protection from consumptive aid toward productive assistance through business capital, training, and mentoring. While the program contributes to improving beneficiaries’ income and reducing dependence on social assistance, challenges remain in targeting accuracy, understanding of graduation criteria, and implementation coordination. Strengthening capacity building, monitoring systems, and stakeholder collaboration is essential to achieve sustainable poverty graduation. |
