| Abstrak/Abstract |
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Indonesia by March 2020. Since then, the number of cases has experienced exponential growth throughout the nations. The case counts inevitably underestimate the true cumulative incidence of infection due to limited barriers to testing accessibility and asymptomatic infections. Therefore, community-based serological data are essential for understanding the true prevalence of infections. This study aims to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and factors related to the seropositivity in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
A cross-sectional study involving 425 individuals in 40 clusters was conducted between March and April 2021. Participants were interviewed using electronic questionnaire developed in Kobotoolbox to collect information on socio-demographic, symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, history of diagnosis of COVID-19, and COVID-19 vaccination status. Venous blood sample was collected from each participant and tested for immunoglobulin G (Ig-G) SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
A total of 31.1% of individuals were seropositive, and higher seroprevalence was found in the peri-urban and rural areas. Seroprevalence was found higher in females (31.9%), individuals aged 55-64 years old (43.7%), and worked as housewives (22.7%). A higher proportion of seropositivity was reported in individuals with lower mobility, such as always staying at home except for important matters (47.7%) and never attending any formal activities and visiting relatives (>50%). Family clusters accounted for 10.6% of cases. Of the seropositive cases, 93.2% have not been vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccines in the last six months before data collection, 99.2% did not have prior diagnoses of COVID-19.
This study showed a discrepancy with COVID-19 confirmed cumulative incidence data reported in the same period (11 out of 1000 population), indicating silent transmission may have occurred within the community. Higher seroprevalence in peri-urban areas rather than in urban areas, suggesting a gap in access to health services. Surveillance improvement through testing, tracing, treatment (3Ts), particularly in areas with lower access to health services, are necessary, along with more robust implementations of health protocols in activities that require higher mobility.
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