| Abstrak/Abstract |
The endometrium is characterized by the proliferation of vascular tissue and endometrial cells that are very dynamic because of the influence of ovarian steroid hormones. Implantation is an essential step in the development of pregnancy, the process by which the embryo makes contact with the uterus, including supposition, adhesion, and invasion. The endometrium in humans undergoes a series of changes, including changes in endometrial secretion, blood vessels, and immune response, leading to a period of uterine receptivity. Cyclooxygenase (COX) is an enzyme that plays a role in the metabolic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PG). It is known that Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a vital role in the endometrium. COX-2 is essential for blastocyst implantation and decidualization. Deficiency of COX-2, but not COX-1, results in multiple female reproductive failures (including implantation defects). We reviewed the literature on COX-2 and embryonal implantation in the endometrium and its potential mechanisms that lead to physiological implantation. This review aims to identify the role of COX-2 that influence the successful implantation process, especially in decidualization, implantation, and embryo growth. The regulation of COX-2 expression in endometrial cells is controlled by ovarian steroid hormones (progesterone and estrogen) through the ENaC pathway to regulate the phosphorylation CREB transcription factor. The presentation of COX-2 varies throughout the stage of embryo development. |
