Abstrak/Abstract |
Vibriosis is a bacterial disease that has been reported in
Indonesian marine fish culture since the 1990s. The disease was reported
mostly in grouper and shrimp (monodon and vanname) farming, although
the infections in snapper (Lates calcarifer) and abalone (Haliotis squamata)
aquaculture were also occurred. Causative agents of vibriosis in Indonesia
marine fish is involving 14 species of vibrio namely Vibrio harveyi, V.
anguillarum, V. alginoluticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. fluvialis, V. furnisii,
V. methcnikovii, V. vulnificus, V. ordalii, V. cincinnatiensis, V. carchariae,
V. azureus, V. mimicus and V. damsela. Control of vibriosis is conducted
with water quality management, applications of vaccines, antibiotics,
probiotics and immunostimulants. Most vaccines developed and
commercially available in Indonesia are in the form of inactive-whole cell
types. The vaccine product is effective enough to protect fish from vibriosis.
Probiotics have been widely studied since the 2000s and have been shown
to increase fish and shrimp growth and resistances against vibriosis.
Immunostimulants began to be developed since 2010 based on the extracts
of terrestrial plants, seaweeds and chitosan. It is therefore concluded that the
continuous existence of pathogenic strains in aquaculture farm requires
further development of the control methods, including periodic updating of
the vaccines, probiotics and immunostimulant formulas for more potent
efficacies.
|