| Abstrak/Abstract |
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) belongs to the Poaceae family, which is the largest family
in the Poales order. Sugarcane plays a crucial role as the primary ingredient in the production
of sweeteners such as sugar on a large scale. The sugarcane plants extensively cultivated in
Indonesia are hybrids resulting from the crossbreeding of Saccharum officinarum with
Saccharum spontaneum. Phylogenetic analysis and genetic diversity of sugarcane cultivars have
been proposed to identify specific potential groups and to optimize hybridization procedures
and selection to evaluate superior genotypes. This study aims to determine the genetic and
phylogenetic diversity of S. officinarum based on the DNA barcoding molecular approach using
the trnK gene. In this research, the trnK gene was amplified through PCR method on five S.
officinarum cultivars originating from Java Island. The amplified results were then sequenced
and aligned using MegaX software. Ambiguous DNA nucleotides were manually edited using
GeneStudio software. Genetic variations including the number of haplotypes (h), haplotype
diversity (Hd), number of polymorphic sites, and number of parsimony sites were analyzed
using DnaSP software and confirmed using GenAIEx 6 software. The phylogenetic tree was
reconstructed using the Maximum-Likelihood (ML) method. The sugarcane cultivars POJ, JR03,
Pringu, KK, and NX04 showed trnK gene amplification with a 252bp fragment and formed a
single clade in phylogenetic analysis (ML bootstrap value of 100; BI posterior probability of 1).
Haplotype analysis revealed they do not belong to the same group. Indonesian sugarcane has
distinct trnK genetic flow compared to those in Japan, China, South Africa, Brazil, and Australia. |
