| Abstrak/Abstract |
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan generasi ayam unggul sebagai ayam hibrida pedaging.
Generasi ayam yang seragam diperoleh melalui skema seleksi genetik persilangan balik (Back Cross/
BC) dengan fokus seleksi pada karakter pertumbuhan tinggi serta kemiripan bulu dan warna kaki terhadap
pelung. Day Old Chicken (DOC) hasil persilangan ayam pelung asal Cianjur, Jawa Barat dan parentstock
broiler cobb 500 dipelihara intensif selama tujuh minggu dengan penimbangan bobot badan setiap tujuh
hari dan karakter kualitatif diukur saat ayam berumur tujuh minggu. Parameter yang diamati meliputi
nilai heterosis, koefisien Inbreeding (Fx), laju Inbreeding (F), proporsi karakteristik, dan frekuensi gen
pengatur ekspresi warna bulu. Setelah seleksi genetik tiga generasi didapatkan rumpun ayam BC2 dengan
karakter morfologis menyerupai ayam pelung yang seragam dengan rataan bobot 1129 g pada umur tujuh
minggu. Ayam generasi BC3 hasil persilangan BC2 dan F1 mengalami penurunan bobot dibandingkan
tetua ayam pedaging karena meningkatnya Inbreeding (Fx: 0,4375; F: 0,3125) dan turunnya nilai heterosis
(H: -39,33). Ayam BC2 merupakan salah satu kandidat ayam hibrida pedaging potensial.
Kata-kata kunci: seleksi genetik; ayam pedaging baru; gama ayam; broiler; pelung
ABSTRACT
Research aim to derive an excellent hybrid to be positioned as meat-type chicken. An excellent breed
which possess uniform morphological character was archived by genetic selection through back-crossed
mating shceme in focus on growth rate and plumage color uniformity. Day Old Chicken (DOC) resulted
from parent stock broiler cobb 500 and Pelung chicken originated from Cianjur district, West java mating
were intensively reared for seven week from hatch. Each chicken weighted every seven day and morphological
character assessed at seven weeks old. Observe variable are heterocyst, coefficient Inbreeding (Fx),
Inbreeding rate (F), plumage and shank characteristic proportion, and its frequency gene alteration through
selection. After serial genetic selection, the BC2 chicken has 1129 g body weight and uniform morphological
character. Overall body weight of BC3 chicken offspring from BC2 and F1 was deteriorated compared its
broiler predecessor because of Inbreeding depression (Fx: 0.4375; F: 0.3125) and heterocyst decrement
(H: -39.33) however, morphological appearance were highly resemble pelung chicken. Based on these finding,
BC2 chicken was promised meat-type hybrid chicken which has fast growth rate and similar morphological
character.
Keywords: genetic selection; new meat type chicken; gama ayam; broiler; pelung
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