| Penulis/Author |
Dr. Ir. Arif Wibowo, M.Agr.Sc. (1) ; Prof. Ani Widiastuti, S.P., M.P., Ph.D. (2); Prof. Dr. Ir. Siwi Indarti, M.P. (3); Dr. Ady Bayu Prakoso, S.P. (4); Prof. Dr. Ir. Siti Subandiyah, M.Agr.Sc. (5); Prof. Dr. Ir. Christanti Sumardiyono, S.U. (6) |
| Abstrak/Abstract |
Bananas are one of the five most important food commodities in the world. In Indonesia, banana production is mostly for domestic
consumption, featuring a wide variety of cultivars. In contrast, the global market is dominated by a single cultivar, largely supplied by
the world’s biggest banana exporter, Ecuador, followed by Guatemala and Costa Rica. Initially, the global banana market depended on
a single cultivar, Gros Michel, for around 60 years, but the first outbreak of Panama disease (race 1 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.
cubense) led to its destruction. More recently, the Cavendish, which is the global banana clone, was ravaged by the second pandemic
of Panama disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4. This problem severely impacted Indonesia’s banana
industries; however, a few national banana industries have survived and have expanded their planting area over the past five years. This
review will discuss the identification, ecology, and interaction of the pathogen and the host plant, epidemiology, and management of
Panama disease in Indonesia. While Gros Michel, Cavendish, and other banana cultivars are easily found at local markets in Indonesia,
the spread of Panama disease of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 began pandemically 20 years ago, and this section
discusses the pandemic epidemiology of the disease. Different identification tools were applied, and diversity of Fusarium oxysporum
f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 was found in Indonesia. Panama disease management in Indonesia varies based on the local wisdom of
the farmer groups or the industry. However, in response to the outbreaks, in 2002, the Indonesian government formed the National Task
Force for Banana Wilt Disease Management under the Directorate of Horticultural Plant Protection in the Indonesian Department of
Agriculture during the pandemic period of banana wilts, including Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 and banana
blood disease. |
