| Abstrak/Abstract |
Taro (Colocasia spp.) especially Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, is one of
the crops plant that scattered and widely cultivated in the tropics and sub-tropics
regions including Borneo Island. Taro has an important role in the world because
it has a relatively rich of carbohydrates and potential as an ingredient of cosmetics
and traditional medicinal plants. However, information about the diversity and
similarity analysis of taro especially in Kalimantan are still very limited. This
study aims to determined the diversity and similarity analysis between taro
cultivar in Borneo based on morphological, anatomical and moleculer characters.
Sampling was carried out in twenty five region and district in East Borneo,
Central Borneo, North Borneo, South Borneo and West Borneo.
Morphological data are obtained through observation and measurement taro
samples in the field and laboratory. Identification, description and phenetic
similarity analysis are done based on 39 morphology characters. Anatomical
characters based on observation of permanent preparation that include leaf,
petiole, corms, and root. Molecular marker approach is conducted using Random
Amplified Polymorphism DNA (RAPD) with 12 primers and sequenced region
Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) with ITS-5 as a forward primer and ITS-4 as a
reversed primer. Phenetic data analysis is determined using Unweighted
Pairgroup Method with Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) method with MVSP versi
3.1 pc. Phylogenetic approach is done using a sequence of ITS regions. The
phylogenetic tree is constructed by the Neighbour Joining (NJ) in MEGA7 device.
The results of this study are expected to give information about the diversity and
genetic relationship cultivar of taro in Borneo based on morphological, anatomical
and moleculer characters.
Based on the research morphological character taro in Borneo were consist
of Colocasia sp., Colocasia esculenta and C. affinis. Dendogram show that two
major cluster of taro in Borneo with similarity index 61,5-97,4%. The most
important morphological character in grouping taro accessions are found in leaves
and strongly influenced by colour characters. C. esculenta species consists of two
varieties C. esculenta var. esculenta and C.esculenta var. antiquorum and have
variable cultivar. The results of anatomical characteristic showed that most
accessions of taro were modified on the leaf surface of epidermis in form of
undulatus except KB-90 and KB-116. Based on molecular RAPD marker taro in
Borneo showed that are higly polimorfisme degree reach 97%. Genetic similarity
based on RAPD range 68,8%-94,3%. Based on molecular ITS-rDNA marker produced phylogenetic tree with two main branch. The first branch consist of 35
accessions which are C. esculenta, C.affinis, C. esculenta var. antiquorum,
Colocasia sp. and second branch is KB-96 which is cultivated taro. The branches
have genetic distance reach of 0,28. C. esculenta more closely related with
Remusatia than Alocasia.
Keywords : Colocasia, cultivated variety, phenetic, phylogenetic relationship |
