| Abstrak/Abstract |
Stingless bee belonging to order Hymenoptera and tribe Meliponini. Stingless bee is a eusocial group insect that lives together in a nest. Nest of stingless bees consists of a queen, males, and workers that develop complex communication and maintain a division of caste. Stingless bee is beneficial in assisting the process of pollination plants, producing honey and propolis. Also, these bees have morphological and morphometric characters that vary between species, islands, and environmental types. This paper described morphological characteristics and morphometric study of stingless bees from the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. There were seven species of stingless bees found in Yogyakarta with different morphological and morphometric characters. Tetragonula laeviceps with dominant morphological characteristics of the body is predominantly shiny black, compound eyes reddish, ocelli blackish and large, and body length of 3.64-3.68 mm, Tetragonula iridipennis with dominant morphological characteristics of the body is predominantly black, compound eyes and ocelli brown, and diameter of body 3.73-3.75 mm, Tetragonula sapiens with dominant morphological characteristics of the body is black, compound eyes and ocelli dark brown, and body length of 3.75-3.77 mm, Tetragonula biroi dominant with dominant morphological characteristics of the body is predominantly black, compound eyes and ocelli brown, and body length of 4.00-4.02 mm, Tetragonula sarawakensis with dominant morphological characteristics of the body is predominantly black on the thorax and yellow on the abdomen, compound eyes and ocelli brownish, and body length of 4.60-4.61 mm, Heterotrigona itama with dominant morphological characteristics of the body is predominantly dark black, compound eyes and ocelli blackish, and body length of 4.00-4.88 mm, and Lepidotrigona terminata with dominant morphological characteristics of the body is predominantly black, compound eyes blackish and ocelli blackish and large, and body length of 4.63-4.64 mm. Based on Principal Component Analysis it shows that there are variation in the size of the stingless bee characters, among sampling sites. The bees that live in forested area tend to have a bigger size than bees captured in the rural and urban areas. The differences among locations are suspected due to the differences in their environmental conditions that in turn causing differences in flying and feeding activities of the stingless bees. Tetragonula laeviceps, Tetragonula iridipennis, Tetragonula sapiens, Tetragonula sarawakensis, Heterotrigona itama, and Lepidotrigona terminata had been previously reported in Java but, this paper is reporting for the first time that the stingless bees can be found in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. We suspected that the Tetragonula biroi was introduced from Sulawesi so it is not native to Yogyakarta. A further research is needed to confirm our suspicion. |
