| Penulis/Author |
Gunawan (1); Erna Winarti (2); Ahmad Sofyan (3); APRILIANA DWI P (4); Dr. Ir. Siti Andarwati, S.Pt., M.P., IPM., ASEAN Eng. (5); Ir. Cuk Tri Noviandi, S.Pt., M.Anim.St., Ph.D., IPM., ASEAN Eng. (6); Prof. Dr. Ir. Ali Agus, DAA., DEA., IPU., ASEAN Eng. (7); K Harper (8) ; D Poppi (9) |
| Abstrak/Abstract |
Context. Formulating diets using agro-industrial by-product concentrates to increase the growth
performance and cost efficiency of Ongole crossbred bulls. Aims. This study was conducted to
evaluate the inclusion of agro-industrial by-products of dried cassava powder (DCP), mixed
copra meal (CM), palm kernel cake (PKC) and soybean hull (SBH) into rations at low and high levels
of feeding on bull liveweight gain and farmer profitability. Methods. Fifty Ongole crossbred bulls
with an initial bodyweight (BW) of 227 ± 66.5 kg and aged between 1 2 and 1 8 months, were
arranged in a randomised complete-block design of five treatments, with 1 0 heads per treatment.
The control group (T0) was provided the current feeding system (CFS) fed ad libitum. The supplemented treatments consisted of CFS ad libitum + concentrate (50% DCP, 25% CM, 25% PKC) at 1 %
BW/day (T1 ), CFS ad libitum + concentrate (50% DCP, 25% CM, 25% SBH) at 1 % BW/day (T2), CFS
ad libitum + concentrate (50% DCP, 25% CM, 25% PKC) at 2% BW/day (T3), CFS ad
libitum + concentrate (50% DCP, 25% CM, 25% SBH) at 2% BW/day (T4). The experiment was
conducted for 1 2 weeks. Key results. The BW gain over 1 2 weeks (kg) for T0, T1 , T2, T3 and T4
was 39.5, 56.2, 68.9, 57.5 and 62.1 kg respectively. The income over feed cost was significantly higher
in T2. Conclusions. Supplementation with by-products increased bull liveweight gain compared
with current feeding practices. A concentrate supplementation of DCP mixed with CM and SBH
at 1 % BW/day was the most effective and profitable supplementation method to increase income
of farmers in this district and there was no advantage of increasing the level of supplement.
Implications. A combination of DCP, CM and SBH to form a concentrate supplement and fed
at 1 % BW/day will increase bull liveweight gain and income of farmers. |
