| Abstrak/Abstract |
Pollination services, from both wild and managed populations of insect pollinators, have
degraded as a result of agricultural intensification. Whilst 75% of economically important crops
depend on insect pollinators for cultivation, 40% of insect pollinator species are threatened with
extinction. Pollination services must be preserved if there is to be enough food for a global population
whose demand is expected to double, if not triple, by 2050. Pollinator diversity and pollinator
efficiency have been found to increase as a result of wildlife-friendly farming practices (i.e., natural
chemicals and fertilizers and agroforestry). We evaluated the presence of insect pollinators in 42 coffee
home gardens in West Java, Indonesia. Via generalized linear mixed models, we found that number
of visitor species (β = 0.418 ± SE 0.194, p = 0.031) and visitation time (β = 0.845 ± SE 0.308, p = 0.006)
decreased as farms were more intensely managed, (i.e., used chemical pesticides), compared to fields
using organic practices. As knowledge of pollination services is widespread amongst smallholder
farmers in Indonesia and beyond due to the long-held tradition of beekeeping, these results will add
to their existing knowledge and empower farmers to enhance resources for pollinator species through
agroforestry and natural pest management. Although we found significant differences in pollination
services provided in intensely managed and wildlife-friendly farms, chemical use can affect farms
far beyond a particular area of production. Therefore, pollinator conservation must be applied at a
landscape level and involve all stakeholders, including farmers, when making effective policies. |
