| Penulis/Author |
Hening Pratiwi (1); Prof. Dr. Susi Ari Kristina, S.Farm., M.Kes., Apt. (2) ; apt. Anna Wahyuni Widayanti, M.P.H., Ph.D (3); Prof. Dra. Raden Ajeng Yayi Suryo Prabandari, M.Si., Ph.D. (4) |
| Abstrak/Abstract |
Empathy is defined as the ability to understand the feelings of others, thereby allowing them to feel understood. Empathy must be cultivated in the educational method to help pharmacy students to learn about patients, particularly the elderly. This systematic review mainly aimed to find, evaluate, and synthesize studies about educational interventions thatimprove the empathy of pharmacy students toward geriatrics. Three databases, namely, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, were searched for articles that include educational intervention articles and focused on outcome measures related to improvingthe empathy (or its subdivision) toward geriatrics. The Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) was used to assess the possibility of bias. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used in this review. Of the nine included studies, eight studies have been designed with quasi-experimental pre-post-test measurement design. Four studies were conducted at the university in the United States, two in Malaysia, one in Australia, one in Brazil, and one in Singapore. Three studies used simulation and another three used direct interaction with the elderly, as an educational intervention. Eight studies reported a statistically significant increase in empathy toward geriatrics. Thus, the educational intervention could help pharmacy students to develop empathy for the elderly. The included studies are heterogeneous, thereby, implying that more research is needed to determine the most effective educational methods to improve empathy. Future studies should consider study outcomes such as transfer to practice and long-term changes in empathy |
