| Abstrak/Abstract |
Objective: The purpose of this study was to overcome the undesired systemic absorption of skin topical
administration of timolol maleate (TM) by developing the TM nanoparticle gel.
Methods: TM-loaded nanoparticle (TMNP) was prepared by ionic pre-gelation of pectin (PCN) and calcium
ions (CI) followed with polyelectrolyte complex using chitosan (CHI). TMNP was characterized by measuring
the particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and the interaction
between formula constituents. TM-loaded nanoparticle gel (TMNG) was prepared by using hydroxypropyl
methylcellulose (HPMC) and was characterized by measuring the spreadability, pH, viscosity, and drug
content. The drug release kinetics were analyzed using DDSolver add-in program.
Results: TMNP possessed particle size of 175.2 ± 19.7 nm, polydispersity index of 0.528 ± 0.113, zeta potential
of 10.86 ± 0.87 mV, and EE of 27.45 ± 2.34%. The electrostatic interactions between PCN, CI, and CHI
that formed the nanoparticles were confirmed by the result of vibrational spectroscopy analysis. TMNG
possessed spreadability of 60.80 ± 1.38 cm2, pH of 5.154 ± 0.004, viscosity of 269.07 ± 5.83 cP, and drug
content of 107.38 ± 1.77%. TM showed a sustained release manner within 24 h by following
Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetical model with non-Fickian release mechanism.
Conclusion: The prepared nanoparticle gel can be an effective controlled release system of TM that
administered topically on the skin surface. |
