| Penulis/Author |
Prof. Dr. Ir. Ali Agus, DAA., DEA., IPU., ASEAN Eng. (1) ; Prof. Ir. Budi Guntoro, S.Pt., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPU., ASEAN Eng. (2); Ir. R. Ahmad Romadhoni Surya Putra, S.Pt., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPM., ASEAN Eng. (3) |
| Abstrak/Abstract |
Since 1970s, Indonesian government had promoted policies in order to increase the productivity
of beef and dairy cattle to fulfil the market’s demand. As the population growth steadily, the
demand of higher quality protein from livestock is also increasing. During the last five decades,
government launched policies to improve livestock productivity as well as to be self-sufficient in
meat and milk production, and increasing farmer’s income. Some examples of policies are crossbreed
of local cattle with imported Bos taurus bulls and frozen semen (Simmental, Limousin,
Angus, and Friesian Holstein), importing productive breeding cattle (Brahman Cross and Friesian
Holstein), dissemination of reproduction technology such as Artificial Insemination (AI) to
farmers and Embryo Transfer (ET) in the research stations, credit and incentive schemes to
encourage both farmers and industries to develop beef cattle breeding program, and farmer
empowerment programs. As the results, crossbred cattle are familiar in Indonesia with higher
meat and milk production. However, the high production cannot fulfil the high demand of meat
and milk in Indonesia. At this time being, even with the relatively low meat and milk consumption
(2.6 kg/capita/year and 5.5 litre/capita/year), around 60% of meat and only 15% of milk are
fulfilled by domestic production. The rest must be fulfilled by import such as live cattle from
Australia, buffalo beef from India recently, and milk from Australia, New Zealand, European
countries, and Northern America. These facts indicate that beef and dairy industries in Indonesia
are promising. Nonetheless, Indonesia is facing problems and challenges in fertile land
conversion, lack of infrastructure, low quality of farmer’s human resources, low rate of female
crossbred reproduction and climate change. Therefore, incentive and favour policies in
developing beef and dairy industries are needed in the future. Among others: Pasture development
in the ex-forest and mining areas with adaptive grass, favourable fiscal and logistic policies,
developing adaptive crossbreed cattle in the tropic, and reasonable import ratio beef and live cattle
should be highly considered. |
