| Abstrak/Abstract |
Introduction: Muscle health in diabetes mellitus (DM) is
often neglected, which leads to muscle wasting. Increased
reactive oxygen species in DM could decrease antioxidant
enzymes such as superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and -2
(SOD-2) and inhibit calcineurin (CN) and PGC-1α signalling
pathways. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is known as a potent
antioxidant and activators of CN and PGC-1α. This study
aimed to determine the effect of CGA on mRNA expressions
of SOD-1, SOD-2, CN and PGC-1α in inhibiting the
progression of DM to muscle wasting.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health,
and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada starting on July 20th,
2020. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided
into six groups (four rats per group), i.e., control, DM 1.5
months (DM1.5), and DM 2 months (DM2); and DM groups
treated with CGA in three different doses, namely CGA1
(12.5 mg/kg BW), CGA2 (25 mg/kg BW), and CGA3 (50 mg/kg
BW). Control group was only injected with normal saline,
while diabetic model was induced by intraperitoneal
injection of streptozotocin. Blood glucose levels were
measured twice (one week after diabetic induction and
before termination). The soleus muscle tissue was
harvested to analyse the mRNA expressions of SOD-1, SOD2, CN and PGC-1α using RT-PCR. In addition, the tissue
samples were stained with immunohistochemistry for CN
and haematoxylin-eosin (HE) for morphologic analysis
under light microscopy.
Results: The mRNA expressions of SOD-1 and SOD-2 in the
CGA1 group were relatively higher compared to the DM2
groups. The mRNA expression of CN in the CGA1 group was
significantly higher compared to the DM2 group (p = 0.008).
The mRNA expression of PGC-1α in the CGA1 group was
significantly higher compared to the DM2 group (p = 0.025).
Immunohistochemical staining showed that CNimmunopositive expression in the CGA1 group was more
evident compared to the other groups. Haematoxylin-eosin
staining showed that muscle tissue morphology in the CGA1
group was similar to that in the control group.
Conclusion: Chlorogenic acid at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg BW
shows lower blood glucose level, good skeletal muscle
tissue morphology and higher mRNA expressions of SOD-1,
SOD-2, CN and PGC-1α compared to the DM groups. |
