| Penulis/Author |
Dr. rer. silv. Muhammad Ali Imron, S.Hut., M.Sc. (1) ; Marco Campera (2); DENNIS ALBIHAD (3); FARAH DINI RACHMAWATI (4); FEBRIAN EDI NUGROHO (5); Dr. Ir. Budiadi, S.Hut., M.Agr.Sc., IPU (6); Kristiani Fajar Wianti, S.Hut., M.Si. (7); Edi Suprapto (8); Vincent Nijman (9); K. Anne-Isola Nekaris (10) |
| Abstrak/Abstract |
Deforestation in the tropics is mainly driven by the need to expand agriculture and forestry land. Tropical cropland also encountered a process of intensification, particularly evident in regions that are main exporters of deforestation-driven commodities. Around 25 million people in the world depends on coffee production, which has a profound contribution to global biodiversity loss through agricultural extensification and intensification. Nevertheless, coffee agroforestry systems have been postulated to alternative refuge for biodiversity across different regions. We aim to compare bird abundance and richness in commercial polyculture coffee systems (i.e., the highest degree of habitat complexity that can be achieved in coffee fields after deforestation) with other coffee agroforestry systems and human modified habitats in Java, Indonesia. We collected data in 21 sites (1228 points) on Java Island from February to August 2021 via point sampling method. Via Generalised Additive Models, we tested whether the abundance and richness of birds were different between different human modified habitats, including other potential predictors: elevation, distance to protected areas, plot tree richness, and tree diversity. Via Non-metric Multidimentional Scaling, we tested whether there was a difference in terms of composition of foraging guilds between hab-itats. Commercial polyculture coffee fields can sustain levels of bird richness and abundance comparable to agroforestry systems under natural forest, and higher than sun coffee and shaded monoculture coffee, and of other human modified habitats such as crop/fruit fields and tree farms. Coffee agroforestry systems have a higher proportion of nectarivores, insectivores, frugivores than other systems that can sustain high levels of abundance and richness of birds such as paddy fields that mainly have granivores and carnivores. Complex polycultures can represent the avenue for the future of sustainable agriculture in conditions where deforestation rates are high and in crops, such as coffee, that maintain high yield in presence of diverse shade cover. |
