| Abstrak/Abstract |
The rising global burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) and adverse side effects of chemotherapy
necessitate safer therapies leveraging marine bioactive compounds. Mackerel scad (Decapterus
macarellus) is a marine fish that contains fatty acids, which can be potentially used as an
anticancer agents. This study aims to assess the cytotoxicity of Mackerel scad's skin oil and its
effect on the cell cycle and apoptosis of the human colon carcinoma cell line (WiDr). The sample
concentrations for cytotoxicity test were ranged from 4,000-31.25 µg/mL and doxorubicin (from
25 to 0.78 µg/mL) as a positive control. The cytotoxicity test was carried out using the 3-(4,5-
dimethylthiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the composition of fatty acids. Flow cytometry was
used to test the ability to stop the cell cycle and induce apoptosis. Results showed a significant
(p<0.05) cytotoxic effect of mackerel scad skin oil against WiDr cells (IC50=958.04 μg/mL) and
low toxicity against normal Vero cells. The fish oil-induced cell cycle termination in the G0/G1
phase triggered early apoptosis in WiDr cells. GC-MS analysis detected polyunsaturated fatty
acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (9.59%), docosahexaenoic acid (10.70%), and 9-
octadecenoic acid (9.29%), including beneficial saturated fatty acids such as hexadecenoic acid
(20.10%). These fatty acids play a role in cell cycle cessation and apoptosis through specific
cellular mechanisms. This study demonstrated mackerel scad skin oil as a potential anticancer
candidate that can be further developed as a supplement inhibiting cancer growth. |
