| Abstrak/Abstract |
Conversion of feather and blood from chicken slaughterhousewaste for producing solid and liquid organic fertilizer excluding composting process with a variation of the mass ratio of feather and blood of a chicken has been conducted. The nitrogen, sulfur, and iron content in the solid and liquid product of the hydrothermal carbonization process were analyzed to identify and characterize the possibility of hydrolysate as a source of nitrogen, sulfur, and iron in soil fertilizer. Feather and blood of chicken waste were introduced to a hydrothermal carbonization reactor with the addition of limestone at a temperature range of 160–170 °C for the preparation of solid and liquid organic fertilizer. According to the FTIR interpretation, the solid product hadfunctional groups such as NH, OH, CH sp3, SH, C=O, C=C, C–O–C, andC–H aromatic. The nitrogen, sulfur, and iron content of the optimal ratio in the solid phase were 4.67%, 1.63%, and 3694.56 ppm, while their contents in the liquid fertilizer were 3.76%, 1.80%, and 221.56 ppm, respectively. The vibration of 478 cm–1is attributed to Fe–O paramagnetic (Fe2O3)confirmed byTEM images showedthe diametersize less than 20 nmindicating the presence of superparamagneticmaterial |
