| Abstrak/Abstract |
Polyphagous lepidopterans like Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) and S. litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are well-known
economic importance insect pests that defoliate a variety of economically important crops. Currently, the most widely
used control for both is the use of insecticides. Applying large amounts of synthetic pesticides to control these
armyworms has resulted in resistance and resurgence of these insect pests. Developing an environmentally friendly
method to control insect pest populations, such as investigating natural components from plants as natural insecticides,
can help to reduce insecticides' harmful effects. The current effort is in line with this call and concern, but it focuses on
biopesticides and synthetic pesticides with different targets, methods of exposure, and stages of exposure. The study
used information extracted from 100 scientific papers. Descriptive statistics, agglomerative hierarchical clustering, and
identifying the model, heterogeneity, and Log Response Ratio (LRR) of LC50 were performed to identify the
development of biopesticides and synthetic pesticides in controlling these armyworms. The studies with botanical
insecticides started in the mid 1988, and it experienced exponential growth after 2001. The trend is currently maintained
and peaked in 2012. The agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis indicated that 3rd instars were assessed in paper
frequently, while 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 5th instars were located in a separate cluster. The agglomerative hierarchical clustering
analysis indicated that leaf dip bioassays were assessed in paper frequently, while artificial diet bioassay, leaf disc
bioassay, and topical application instars were located in a separate cluster. Highly heterogeneous values for a fixed-
effect model on the effect of pesticides on S. exigua and S. litura showed that other factors gave a stronger influence
than the treatment. The LRR of LC50 showed that S. exigua is more sensitive than the S. litura. |
