A case-control study on factors associated with hypoglycemia unawareness among the ambulatory type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Bali, Indonesia
Penulis/Author
MADE KRISNA ADI JAYA (1); Dr. apt. Fita Rahmawati, Sp.FRS. (2); Dr. apt. Nanang Munif Yasin, S.Si., M.Pharm. (3); Prof. Dr. apt. Zullies Ikawati. (4)
Tanggal/Date
1 2025
Kata Kunci/Keyword
Abstrak/Abstract
Purpose: To determine the factors related to hypoglycemia unawareness (HU) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Bali-Indonesia. Methods: A case-control study was conducted across three hospitals to investigate the incidence of HU as a primary outcome. Medical record data were collected to obtain information for further analysis. The primary data were analyzed using chi-square analysis, and variables with p-value ≤ 0.10 were further evaluated using multivariate logistic regression, with odds ratio (OR) parameters at 95 % confidence interval (CI). A two-tailed statistical analysis was then conducted, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Results of the multivariate analysis showed that five variables were significantly associated with HU incidents. These included insulin users (OR: 6.15 (CI 95: 1.65 - 22.86)), chronic kidney diseases (CKD) (OR: 6.56 (CI 95: 1.41 - 30.39)), diabetic neuropathy (OR: 24.61 (CI 95: 5.17 - 117.11)), hypertension (OR: 3.76 (CI 95: 1.01 - 13.96)), and dyslipidemia (OR: 6.44 (CI 95: 1.62 - 25.71)). Conclusion: Variables in this study are in line with the characteristics of the ambulatory T2DM population in Bali-Indonesia. These factors are used as evidence by health workers in managing and mitigating the risk of HU, thereby reducing the associated health burden.
Rumpun Ilmu
Farmakologi dan Farmasi Klinik
Bahasa Asli/Original Language
English
Level
Internasional
Status
Dokumen Karya
No
Judul
Tipe Dokumen
Aksi
1
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